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Optimization of laboratory denitrification test
Novotná, Klára ; Pániková, Kristína (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Leaching from agricultural fields not only releases high concentrations of nitrates into surface and groundwater, but also, for example, pesticides. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to optimize the input nitrate concentration of a laboratory denitrification test. This test will allow the study of the influence of different pesticides on the denitrification process and also the monitoring of their fate during this process. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the nitrogen cycle and its forms, the denitrification process and the factors that influence its progress are discussed in detail. In the practical part, a 28-day laboratory denitrification test was performed. Analytical methods used are described in the thesis as well as the process and the results of the laboratory experiment. Based on chemical oxygen demand profile, N-NOx concentration profile and denitrification rate, an input nitrate concentration of 15 mg.l-1 was recommended.
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Analysis of selected strobilurine pesticides in barley, malt and beer
Stehlík, Pavel ; Kočí, Radka (referee) ; RNDr.Renata Mikulíková (advisor)
This diploma work is aimed determination of strobilurine pesticide in barly, malt and berr. Identifikation of strobilurine was made according to mass spectra library and base of commercialy standard. The next quantifikation in samples was made. The work consist of three main parts refer about problems. In therotical part is the method of plant, grown protection. This part is about pesticides and their fission, history and effects. In experimental part is method for determination strobilurine. In part results and discussion are all result and data in tables a graphs. At the end is sumed up result this work.
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Study of xenobiotics and biologically active compounds degradation on titanium dioxide
Píšťková, Veronika ; Lisá,, Hana (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Heterogenous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide seems to be a promising method for disposal xenobiotics from the environment. The aim of this diploma thesis is the study of degradation of selected xenobiotics and biologically active substrances applying this method. Theoretical part of diploma thesis deals with the principals of heterogenous photocatalysis by means of a semiconductor TiO2 and the examples of its possible application are mentioned too. The compounds which could be appropriate for a study of degradation were selected from the group of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. The properties of target substances and their environmental impact were described. Furthermore, a bibliographic search focused on the possibilities of their analytical determination was conducted. The experimental part of the thesis describes the experiments with photocatalyst in a form of powder as well as with immobilized photocatalyst in thin layer on a carrier. Identification and quantification of analytes was realized by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometic detection.
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Possibilities of pesticide degradation by titanium dioxide
Píšťková, Veronika ; Veselý, Michal (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is a selection of pesticides, which could be degradated using titanium dioxide. The first part of the paper deals with general pesticide characteristics, subdivision of pesticides, mode of action on target agents and transformations of pesticides within the environment – the metabolic and the non-metabolic tranformation. The second part of the paper deals with heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor TiO2, which is activated by ultraviolet or solar radiation. Using this method pesticides could be transformed even into carbon dioxide, water and inorganic mineral salts. Furthermore, there are mentioned the factors, which affect degradation rate, analytical methods to determine kinetics of degradation and methods for monitoring transients and end products. By each group of pesticides there are stated the representatives from this group, which have been used for investigation of degradation methods. Furthermore are mentioned decomposition mechanisms of reaction and the intermediate products formed during the photocatalysis process.
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Laboratory test of denitrification inhibition
Marková, Jana ; Pániková, Kristína (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on testing the influence of given parameters in order to maintain the required conditions of the denitrification inhibition test, developed at the Institute of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to optimize the parameters of the laboratory test, which with such defined parameters will be used to test the effects of pesticides on the denitrification process and will allow monitoring the fate of these substances during the denitrification process. The theoretical part of this work describes the basic information about the denitrification process and the factors that directly affect it. The practical part describes the three gradually performed laboratory tests using appropriate analytical methods. The measurement results are compiled into tabular and graphic form. Based on a critical evaluation of these outputs was created a test methodology with optimized parameters.
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Determination of residues of the selected pesticide effective substances in wine using the GC/MS method
Ehrenbergerová, Martina ; Benešová, Karolína (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
The grape is one of the oldest cultivated plants. It can be consumed as a fruit or it can be used as a raw material for making stews, juices or the cultivated drink – wine. Generations of wine-makers have been striving to improve both the cultivating conditions of vineyards and the quality of wine. Many harmful elements, such as herbivorous pests, diseases and storms are important factors that can have a negative impact on crop quality. To regulate the effects of these factors, an integrated protection system is used, incorporating agronomical measures, resistant varieties and a wide spectrum of pesticides. However, increasing the usage of pesticides brings certain dangers to both the production quality and the environment. This necessitates the monitoring of the negative effects, including the content of pesticide residues in the grapes. My thesis studies and experimentally assesses selected pesticide residues in certain wine samples.
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The multiresidue determination of pesticides in barley and malt by the LC/MS method with QuEChERS extraction
Posoldová, Kateřina ; Pernica,, Marek (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
The topic of this thesis is the determination of pesticides in barley and malt. Barley is one of the second most cultivated cereals in the Czech Republic. In order to achieve higher yields, higher grain quality, and avoid losses, plant protection products - pesticides - are used. The disadvantage of their use is their negative impact on human and animal health and the environment. Residues of pesticides and their metabolites can remain in a food, so it is a good idea to monitor their content. There are various options for determination, but recently the QuEChERS extraction method has been used, which speeds up the whole sample preparation process. The practical part summarizes the optimization and validation of the QuEChERS method and the subsequent quantification of analytes by UPLC-MS/MS. The content of 148 pesticides in 30 barley and 20 malt samples from the 2021 harvest in the Czech Republic was analysed.
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Influence of advanced oxidative processess on ecotoxicity of pesticides
Goma, Bernadette ; Procházková, Petra (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is a study of the influence of advanced oxidation processes on the ecotoxicity of pesticides Metazachlor and Chloridazon. Both herbicides are commonly used to protect crops such as oilseed rape, turnips, chard or fodder beet against whole range of undesirable monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Application is most often on large areas and therefore pose a high risk to the quality of the environment. The possible influence on the representatives of producers and consumers of the aquatic ecosystem was monitored in the work. Solutions of pesticides, which were subjected to selected methods of treatment using advanced oxidation processes, were tested on aquatic organisms, specifically on crustaceans Daphnia magna and aquatic plant Lemna minor. From the results of individual tests, the ecotoxicological values of EC50 and IC50 were calculated and their ecotoxicity and thus the efficiency of oxidation processes in the removal of pollutants from wastewater were compared.
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Removal of micropollutants during drinking water treatment
Císařová, Monika ; Lukášová, Daniela (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of micropollutants removal during drinking water treatment. The theoretical part characterizes individual types of micropollutants, their occurrence and possibilities of their removal. It also presents the removal of micropollutants already implemented in practice. The practical part deals with the removal of a selected micropollutant, namely perfluorinated substances. This is a laboratory experiment on the removal of perfluorinated substances from a given flow by filtration through granular activated carbon Filtrasorb F400. Finally, the results and evaluation of the experiment are presented.
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Efficiency of Water Treatment Processes Using Activated Carbon
Hladíková, Lucie ; Kolesíková, Lucie (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The subject of the thesis is the issue of pesticides in the environment and the possibility of their removal through activated carbon. The thesis is divided into two parts, the search part and the practical part. The research part is focused on description of activated carbon. It also deals with the distribution of pesticides and their degradation in the environment. In the practical part, a laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the effectiveness of removing pesticides and metabolites from the test water on two types of activated carbon.
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